POLICY ON AUTHORITY AND SECONDARY PUBLICATION

The editorial board of the Journal "Bulletin of the Chernivtsi Institute of Trade and Economics" adheres to international standards of publication ethics and is guided by the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), Elsevier, European Association of Science Editors (EASE), ICMJE.

The authorship of a scientific publication should reflect the real intellectual contribution of individuals to the conduct of the research and preparation of the manuscript.

All individuals listed as authors must meet the authorship criteria specified by the ICMJE. In particular, authors must:

• make a significant contribution to the conception or design of the study, collection, analysis or interpretation of data;

• participate in writing the manuscript or its substantial scientific editing;

• approve the final version of the manuscript before submission for publication;

• be responsible for all aspects of the research and ensure the reliability and integrity of the results presented.

The Journal encourages authors to indicate the individual contribution of each co-author using the CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy) taxonomy.

The authors retain all copyrights and publishing rights without restrictions.

The editorial board sets a limit on the number of authors of a publication - no more than three people. Determining the composition of the authors and the order of their placement in the article is the responsibility of the co-authors and should be based on the significance of each author's contribution to the research and preparation of the manuscript.

Changes in the composition of authors after submission of the manuscript to the editorial office (addition, removal, or change of the order of authors) are not allowed without proper justification.

In the event of disputes regarding authorship, the editorial office may suspend consideration of the manuscript until receiving official confirmation from the authors that such issues have been resolved.

The Journal does not tolerate dishonest authorship practices, including:

• "ghostauthorship" – the absence in the list of authors of individuals who made a significant contribution to the research;

• "guestauthorship" – including in the list of authors individuals who did not participate in the research, in order to increase the chances of publication;

• "giftauthorship" – designation of individuals as authors without significant scientific contribution.

Such practices are considered a violation of academic integrity.

Individuals who participated in the study but do not meet the authorship criteria may be listed at the end of the article.

Such persons may include, in particular:

• consultants or experts;

• persons who provided technical assistance;

• organizations or individuals that provided financial or material support;

• institutions that provided research infrastructure.

The author retains copyright to the work, and the publisher has the right of first publication under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution International (CC BY) license.

Authors may also enter into additional non-exclusive agreements regarding the distribution of their article (for example, placement in a repository or publication in a book), provided that it is indicated as originally published in this journal.

Posting materials online (in institutional repositories or on personal websites) before or during submission review is not prohibited and is even encouraged, as it contributes to a more active exchange of knowledge and increases the citation rate of published works.

A bibliographical reference to the article or a hyperlink to its electronic copy on the journal's official website is mandatory.